Control Flow

Control structures allow us to decide which path our program follows based on conditions or by repeating tasks.

Conditional Structures

The if / else block

It lets us execute code only if a condition is met.

int num = 10;
if (num > 0) {
    System.out.println("It is positive");
} else if (num == 0) {
    System.out.println("It is zero");
} else {
    System.out.println("It is negative");
}

switch-case structure

Ideal for evaluating a single variable against multiple possible values.

int day = 1;
switch(day) {
    case 1: System.out.println("Monday"); break;
    case 2: System.out.println("Tuesday"); break;
    default: System.out.println("Another day");
}

Repetition Structures (Loops)

while loop

Repeats while the condition is true.

int i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
    System.out.println("Counting: " + i);
    i++;
}

for loop

Ideal when we know how many times we want to repeat something.

for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
    System.out.println("Iteration: " + j);
}